Mathematics in the Book of Changes: Eight Trigrams and Sixty-four Hexagrams

Abstract

The Book of Changes is the source of Chinese civilization, it not only has philosophy, sociology, traditional Chinese medicine, military science and astronomy theory, but also has rigorous mathematics. Eight Trigrams and Sixty-four Hexagrams are the mathematical formulas to describe how things are produced in the universe. This paper will take Eight Trigrams and Sixty-four Hexagrams that described in the Book of Changes as its object of study, and the study will be approached from three aspects: (1) Eight Trigrams, (2) Sixty-four Hexagrams and, (3) the manifestations of the all things of the universe.